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In another of these embodiments, the computing device includes at least one parallel processing unit and at least one graphics processing unit. In still another of these embodiments, the computing device includes a plurality of processing units of any type, one of the plurality of processing units comprising a graphics processing unit.
Referring back to FIG. Input devices include keyboards, mice, trackpads, trackballs, microphones, dials, and drawing tablets. Output devices include video displays, speakers, inkjet printers, laser printers, and dye-sublimation printers.
Referring still to FIG. IB, the computing device may support any suitable installation device , such as a floppy disk drive for receiving floppy disks such as 3. The computing device may further comprise a storage device, such as one or more hard disk drives or redundant arrays of independent disks, for storing an operating system and other related software, and for storing application software programs such as any program related to the client agent Optionally, any of the installation devices could also be used as the storage device.
Furthermore, the computing device may include a network interface to interface to a network through a variety of connections including, but not limited to, standard telephone lines, LAN or WAN links e. Connections can be established using a variety of communication protocols e.
Lauderdale, Florida. The network interface may comprise a built-in network adapter, network interface card, PCMCIA network card, card bus network adapter, wireless network adapter, USB network adapter, modem or any other device suitable for interfacing the computing device to any type of network capable of communication and performing the operations described herein. In one embodiment, a video adapter may comprise multiple connectors to interface to multiple display devices an.
In other embodiments, the computing device may include multiple video adapters, with each video adapter connected to one or more of the display devices an. In some embodiments, any portion of the operating system of the computing device may be configured for using multiple displays an.
In other embodiments, one or more of the display devices an may be provided by one or more other computing devices, such as computing devices a and b connected to the computing device , for example, via a network. These embodiments may include any type of software designed and constructed to use another computer's display device as a second display device a for the computing device One ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize and appreciate the various ways and embodiments that a computing device may be configured to have multiple display devices an.
A computing device of the sort depicted in FIGs. IB and 1C typically operates under the control of operating systems, which control scheduling of tasks and access to system resources. The computing device can be running any operating system such as any of the versions of the MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating systems, the different releases of the Unix and Linux operating systems, any version of the MAC OS for Macintosh computers, any embedded operating system, any real-time operating system, any open source operating system, any proprietary operating system, any operating systems for mobile computing devices, or any other operating system capable of running on the computing device and performing the operations described herein.
The computer system has sufficient processor power and memory capacity to perform the operations described herein. For example, the computer system may comprise a device of the IPOD family of devices manufactured by Apple.
In some embodiments, the computing device may have different processors, operating systems, and input devices consistent with the device. In some of these embodiments, the TREO smart phone is operated under the control of the PalmOS operating system and includes a stylus input device as well as a five -way navigator device. In other embodiments, the computing device is a mobile device, such as a JAVA- enabled cellular telephone or personal digital assistant PDA , such as the i55sr, i58sr, i85s, i88s, i90c, i95cl, i, i, i, , i, i, i, i, i, i, i, i, i, ic, ic, ic, i or the iml , all of which are manufactured by Motorola Corp.
In still other embodiments, the computing device is a Blackberry handheld or smart phone, such as the devices manufactured by Research In Motion Limited, including the Blackberry series, series, series, series, the Blackberry , the Blackberry PEARL , the series, the series, the Blackberry Storm, Blackberry Bold, Blackberry Curve , and the Blackberry Pearl Flip.
Moreover, the computing device can be any workstation, desktop computer, laptop or notebook computer, server, handheld computer, mobile telephone, any other computer, or other form of computing or telecommunications device that is capable of communication and that has sufficient processor power and memory capacity to perform the operations described herein.
In some embodiments, the computing device is a digital audio player. In another of these embodiments, the digital audio player may function as both a portable media player and as a mass storage device. In some embodiments, the computing device includes a combination of devices, such as a mobile phone combined with a digital audio player or portable media player. In one of these embodiments, the computing device is a smartphone, for example, an iPhone manufactured by Apple Computer, or a Blackberry device, manufactured by Research In Motion Limited.
In yet another embodiment, the computing device is a laptop or desktop computer equipped with a web browser and a microphone and speaker system, such as a telephony headset. In these embodiments, the computing devices are web-enabled and can receive and initiate phone calls. A computing device may be a file server, application server, web server, proxy server, appliance, network appliance, gateway, application gateway, gateway server, virtualization server, deployment server, SSL VPN server, or firewall.
In some embodiments, a computing device provides a remote authentication dial-in user service, and is referred to as a RADIUS server. In other embodiments, a computing device may have the capacity to function as either an application server or as a master application server.
In still other embodiments, a computing device is a blade server. In some embodiments, a computing device may include an Active Directory.
The computing device may be an application acceleration appliance. For embodiments in which the computing device is an application acceleration appliance, the computing device may provide functionality including firewall functionality, application firewall functionality, or load balancing functionality. In some embodiments, a computing device may be referred to as a server.
In other embodiments, a computing device may be referred to as a client node, a client machine, an endpoint node, or an endpoint. In some embodiments, a client has the capacity to function as both a client node seeking access to resources provided by a server and as a server node providing access to hosted resources for other clients. In some embodiments, a first computing device a communicates with a second, server computing device b.
Such a computing device a may also be referred to as client nodes, client machines, endpoint nodes, or endpoints. In one embodiment, the client communicates with one of the computing devices in a server farm. Over the network, the client can, for example, request execution of various applications hosted by the computing devices in the server farm and receive output data of the results of the application execution for display.
In another embodiment, the client executes a program neighborhood application to communicate with a computing device in a server farm. In other embodiments, the first computing device a retrieves applications and resources from the second computing device b for execution on the first computing device a on behalf of a third computing device c.
In one of these embodiments, both the first computing device a and the second computing device b may be referred to as servers. In still other embodiments, a computer system has the capacity to function as both a client node seeking access to resources provided by a server and as a server providing access to hosted resources for other computer systems In some embodiments, the application may be a server-based or a remote -based application executed on behalf of a user of a first computing device by a second computing device.
In other embodiments, the second computing device may display output data to the first, client computing device using any thin-client or remote-display protocol, such as the Independent Computing Architecture ICA protocol manufactured by Citrix Systems, Inc.
In other embodiments, the application comprises any type of software related to voice over Internet protocol VoIP Communications, such as a soft IP telephone. In some embodiments, a first computing device a executes an application on behalf of a user of a client computing device b.
In other embodiments, a computing device a executes a virtual machine, which provides an execution session within which applications execute on behalf of a user or a client computing devices b. In one of these embodiments, the execution session is a hosted desktop session.
In another of these embodiments, the computing device executes a terminal services session. The terminal services session may provide a hosted desktop environment.
In still another of these embodiments, the execution session provides access to a computing environment, which may comprise one or more of: an application, a plurality of applications, a desktop application, and a desktop session in which one or more applications may execute. In some embodiments, a first computing device a transmits a virtual machine to a second computing device b for execution.
In one of these embodiments, the first computing device a transmits a virtual machine image from which a hypervisor on the second computing device b may execute the virtual machine In another of these embodiments, a control operating system b on the second computing device b requests, from a control operating system a on the first computing device a, access to a virtual machine image for use in executing a virtual machine b. In still another of these embodiments, a control operating system b on the second computing device b retrieves, from the first computing device a, data required to execute a virtual machine b; for example, the first computing device a may be a device on a storage area network, a database, or other storage element.
In some embodiments, the first computing device a transmits the virtual machine image to the second computing device b responsive to a determination that the second computing device b requires the virtual machine image to satisfy a request from a user of the computing device b. In one of these embodiments, for example, a user of the computing device b requests access to a resource and a component on the second computing device b - for example, a control operating system - identifies a virtual machine needed to provide access to the resource.
IF, an embodiment of a network environment is depicted. In brief overview, the network environment has one or more clients an also generally referred to as local machine s , or client s in communication with one or more servers an also generally referred to as server s , or remote machine s via one or more networks , ', ". In one embodiment, a client a may request resources from a server a, while providing the functionality of a server b to another client b. In another embodiment, the client a may request resources from the server b on behalf of a user of the client a.
In some embodiments, a client communicates with a server via one or more network optimization appliances , ' generally referred to as appliance In one embodiment, the network optimization appliance is designed, configured or adapted to optimize Wide Area Network WAN network traffic. In some embodiments, a first appliance works in conjunction or cooperation with a second appliance ' to optimize network traffic.
The appliances and ' may work together to optimize the WAN related network traffic between a client in the branch office and a server on the corporate LAN. Although FIG. IF shows a network , network ' and network " generally referred to as network s between the clients and the servers , the clients and the servers may be on the same network The networks , ', " can be the same type of network or different types of networks. The networks , ', " can be a private or public network.
In one embodiment, network ' or network " may be a private network and network may be a public network. In another embodiment, networks , ', " may be private networks. In some embodiments, clients may be located at a branch office of a corporate enterprise communicating via a WAN connection over the network to the servers located on a corporate LAN in a corporate data center.
In some embodiments, the network may comprise a wireless link, such as an infrared channel or satellite band. The topology of the network may be a bus, star, or ring network topology. The network and network topology may be of any such network or network topology as known to those ordinarily skilled in the art capable of supporting the operations described herein. As depicted in FIG.
IF, a first network optimization appliance is shown between networks and ' and a second network optimization appliance ' is also between networks ' and ". In some embodiments, the appliance may be located on network For example, a corporate enterprise may deploy an appliance at a branch office.
In other embodiments, the appliance may be located on network '. In some embodiments, the appliance ' may be located on network ' or network ". For example, an appliance may be located at a corporate data center. In one embodiment, the appliance and ' are on the same network. In another embodiment, the appliance and ' are on different networks.
In one embodiment, the appliance is a device for accelerating, optimizing or otherwise improving the performance, operation, or quality of service of any type and form of network traffic. In some embodiments, the appliance is a performance enhancing proxy. In other embodiments, the appliance is any type and form of WAN optimization or acceleration device, sometimes also referred to as a WAN optimization controller. In some embodiments, the appliance includes any of the steelhead line of WAN optimization appliances manufactured by Riverbed Technology of San Francisco, California.
In one embodiment, the appliance includes any of the WAN related appliances manufactured by Packeteer Inc. In some embodiments, the appliance provides application and data acceleration services for branch-office or remote offices. In one embodiment, the appliance provides compression of network traffic at any level of the network stack or at any protocol or network layer.
Further details of the optimization techniques, operations and architecture of the appliance are discussed below. Still referring to FIG. IF, the network environment may include multiple, logically grouped servers In these embodiments, the logical group of servers may be referred to as a server farm In some of these embodiments, the serves may be geographically dispersed.
In some cases, a farm 38 may be administered as a single entity. In other embodiments, the server farm 38 comprises a plurality of server farms In one embodiment, the server farm executes one or more applications on behalf of one or more clients In one embodiment, servers in the server farm 38 may be stored in high-density rack systems, along with associated storage systems, and located in an enterprise data center.
In this embodiment, consolidating the servers in this way may improve system manageability, data security, the physical security of the system, and system performance by locating servers and high performance storage systems on localized high performance networks.
Centralizing the servers and storage systems and coupling them with advanced system management tools allows more efficient use of server resources. The servers within each farm 38 can be heterogeneous. One or more of the servers can operate according to one type of operating system platform e. The servers of each farm 38 do not need to be physically proximate to another server in the same farm Thus, the group of servers logically grouped as a farm 38 may be interconnected using a wide-area network WAN connection or metropolitan-area network MAN connection.
For example, a farm 38 may include servers physically located in different continents or different regions of a continent, country, state, city, campus, or room. Data transmission speeds between servers in the farm 38 can be increased if the servers are connected using a local-area network LAN connection or some form of direct connection.
Additionally, a heterogeneous server farm 38 may include one or more servers operating according to a type of operating system, while one or more other servers execute one or more types of hypervisors rather than operating systems. In order to manage a server farm 38, at least one aspect of the performance of servers in the server farm 38 should be monitored.
Typically, the load placed on each server or the status of sessions running on each server is monitored. In some embodiments, a centralized service may provide management for server farm The centralized service may gather and store information about a plurality of servers , respond to requests for access to resources hosted by servers , and enable the establishment of connections between client machines and servers Alternatively, management of the server farm 38 may be de-centralized.
For example, one or more servers may comprise components, subsystems and modules to support one or more management services for the server farm In one of these embodiments, one or more servers provide functionality for management of dynamic data, including techniques for handling failover, data replication, and increasing the robustness of the server farm Each server may communicate with a persistent store and, in some embodiments, with a dynamic store.
In some embodiments, a hypervisor executes on a server executing an operating system. In one of these embodiments, a server executing an operating system and a hypervisor may be said to have a host operating system the operating system executing on the machine , and a guest operating system an operating system executing within a computing resource partition provided by the hypervisor.
In other embodiments, a hypervisor interacts directly with hardware on a server , instead of executing on a host operating system.
In one of these embodiments, the hypervisor may be said to be executing on "bare metal," referring to the hardware comprising the server In some embodiments, a server executes an application on behalf of a user of a client In other embodiments, a server executes a virtual machine, which provides an execution session within which applications execute on behalf of a user or a client In another of these embodiments, the execution session provides access to a computing environment, which may comprise one or more of: an application, a plurality of applications, a desktop application, and a desktop session in which one or more applications may execute.
Servers may be referred to as a file server, application server, web server, proxy server, or gateway server. In some embodiments, a server may have the capacity to function as either an application server or as a master application server. In one embodiment, a server may include an Active Directory. The clients may also be referred to as client nodes or endpoints.
In some embodiments, a client has the capacity to function as both a client node seeking access to applications on a server and as an application server providing access to hosted applications for other clients an. In some embodiments, a client communicates with a server In one embodiment, the client communicates directly with one of the servers in a farm In another embodiment, the client executes a program neighborhood application to communicate with a server in a farm In still another embodiment, the server provides the functionality of a master node.
In some embodiments, the client communicates with the server in the farm 38 through a network Over the network , the client can, for example, request execution of various applications hosted by the servers an in the farm 38 and receive output of the results of the application execution for display. In some embodiments, only a master node provides the functionality required to identify and provide address information associated with a server ' hosting a requested application. In one embodiment, the server provides functionality of a web server.
In another embodiment, the server a receives requests from the client , forwards the requests to a second server b and responds to the request by the client with a response to the request from the server b.
In still another embodiment, the server acquires an enumeration of applications available to the client and address information associated with a server hosting an application identified by the enumeration of applications. In yet another embodiment, the server presents the response to the request to the client using a web interface.
In one embodiment, the client communicates directly with the server to access the identified application. In another embodiment, the client receives application output data, such as display data, generated by an execution of the identified application on the server IG, another embodiment of a network environment is depicted in which the network optimization appliance is deployed with one or more other appliances , ' generally referred to as appliance or second appliance such as a gateway, firewall or acceleration appliance.
For example, in one embodiment, the appliance is a firewall or security appliance while appliance ' is a LAN acceleration device. In some embodiments, a client may communicate to a server via one or more of the first appliances and one or more second appliances One or more appliances and may be located at any point in the network or network communications path between a client and a server In some embodiments, a second appliance may be located on the same network as the first appliance In other embodiments, the second appliance may be located on a different network as the first appliance In yet another embodiment, a first appliance and second appliance is on the same network, for example network , while the first appliance ' and second appliance ' is on the same network, such as network ".
In one embodiment, the second appliance includes any type and form of transport control protocol or transport later terminating device, such as a gateway or firewall device.
In one embodiment, the appliance terminates the transport control protocol by establishing a first transport control protocol connection with the client and a second transport control connection with the second appliance or server. In another embodiment, the appliance terminates the transport control protocol by changing, managing or controlling the behavior of the transport control protocol connection between the client and the server or second appliance.
For example, the appliance may change, queue, forward or transmit network packets in manner to effectively terminate the transport control protocol connection or to act or simulate as terminating the connection. In some embodiments, the second appliance is a performance enhancing proxy. In one embodiment, the appliance provides a virtual private network VPN connection. For example, a client machine on a first network requests establishment of a connection to a server on a second network '.
In some embodiments, the second network " is not routable from the first network In other embodiments, the client is on a public network and the server is on a private network ', such as a corporate network. In one embodiment, a client agent intercepts communications of the client on the first network , encrypts the communications, and transmits the communications via a first transport layer connection to the appliance The appliance associates the first transport layer connection on the first network to a second transport layer connection to the server on the second network The appliance receives the intercepted communication from the client agent, decrypts the communications, and transmits the communication to the server on the second network via the second transport layer connection.
The second transport layer connection may be a pooled transport layer connection. In one embodiment, the appliance provides an end- to-end secure transport layer connection for the client between the two networks , '.
In one embodiment, the appliance hosts an Internet protocol IP address of the client on the virtual private network The appliance listens for and receives on the second or private network ' for any communications directed towards the client using the client's established Intranet IP address.
In one embodiment, the appliance acts as or on behalf of the client on the second private network In some embodiment, the appliance has an encryption engine providing logic, business rules, functions or operations for handling the processing of any security related protocol, such as SSL or TLS, or any function related thereto. For example, the encryption engine encrypts and decrypts network packets, or any portion thereof, communicated via the appliance The encryption engine may also setup or establish SSL or TLS connections on behalf of the client an, server an, or appliance , As such, the encryption engine provides offloading and acceleration of SSL processing.
In one embodiment, the encryption engine uses a tunneling protocol to provide a virtual private network between a client an and a server an. In some embodiments, the encryption engine uses an encryption processor. In other embodiments, the encryption engine includes executable instructions running on an encryption processor.
In some embodiments, the appliance provides one or more of the following acceleration techniques to communications between the client and server 1 compression, 2 decompression, 3 Transmission Control Protocol pooling, 4 Transmission Control Protocol multiplexing, 5 Transmission Control Protocol buffering, and 6 caching.
In one embodiment, the appliance relieves servers of much of the processing load caused by repeatedly opening and closing transport layers connections to clients by opening one or more transport layer connections with each server and maintaining these connections to allow repeated data accesses by clients via the Internet. This technique is referred to herein as "connection pooling". In some embodiments, in order to seamlessly splice communications from a client.
This is referred to as "connection multiplexing". In some embodiments, no application layer protocol interaction is required. For example, in the case of an in-bound packet that is, a packet received from a client , the source network address of the packet is changed to that of an output port of appliance , and the destination network address is changed to that of the intended server.
In the case of an outbound packet that is, one received from a server , the source network address is changed from that of the server to that of an output port of appliance and the destination address is changed from that of appliance to that of the requesting client The sequence numbers and acknowledgment numbers of the packet are also translated to sequence numbers and acknowledgement expected by the client on the appliance's transport layer connection to the client In some embodiments, the packet checksum of the transport layer protocol is recalculated to account for these translations.
In another embodiment, the appliance provides switching or load-balancing functionality for communications between the client and server In some embodiments, the appliance distributes traffic and directs client requests to a server based on layer 4 payload or application-layer request data. In one embodiment, although the network layer or layer 2 of the network packet identifies a destination server , the appliance determines the server to distribute the network packet by application information and data carried as payload of the transport layer packet.
In one embodiment, a health monitoring program of the appliance monitors the health of servers to determine the server for which to distribute a client's request. In some embodiments, if the appliance detects a server is not available or has a load over a predetermined threshold, the appliance can direct or distribute client requests to another server In some embodiments, the appliance intercepts a DNS request transmitted by the client In one embodiment, the appliance responds to a DNS request from a client with an IP address of or hosted by the appliance In this embodiment, the client transmits network communication for the domain name to the appliance In another embodiment, the appliance responds to a client's DNS request with an IP address of or hosted by a second appliance '.
In some embodiments, the appliance responds to a client's DNS request with an IP address of a server determined by the appliance In yet another embodiment, the appliance provides application firewall functionality for communications between the client and server In one embodiment, a policy engine ' provides rules for detecting and blocking illegitimate requests.
In some embodiments, the application firewall protects against denial of service DoS attacks. In other embodiments, the appliance inspects the content of intercepted requests to identify and block application-based attacks. In an embodiment, the application firewall of the appliance provides HTML form field protection in the form of inspecting or analyzing the network communication for one or more of the following: 1 required fields are returned, 2 no added field allowed, 3 read-only and hidden field enforcement, 4 drop-down list and radio button field conformance, and 5 form-field max- length enforcement.
In some embodiments, the application firewall of the appliance ensures cookies are not modified. In other embodiments, the appliance protects against forceful browsing by enforcing legal URLs. In still yet other embodiments, the application firewall appliance protects any confidential information contained in the network communication.
The appliance may inspect or analyze any network communication in accordance with the rules or polices of the policy engine to identify any confidential information in any field of the network packet. In some embodiments, the application firewall identifies in the network communication one or more occurrences of a credit card number, password, social security number, name, patient code, contact information, and age.
The encoded portion of the network communication may include these occurrences or the confidential information. Based on these occurrences, in one embodiment, the application firewall may take a policy action on the network communication, such as prevent transmission of the network communication.
In another embodiment, the application firewall may rewrite, remove or otherwise mask such identified occurrence or confidential information. Although generally referred to as a network optimization or first appliance and a second appliance , the first appliance and second appliance may be the same type and form of appliance.
In one embodiment, the second appliance may perform the same functionality, or portion thereof, as the first appliance , and vice-versa. For example, the first appliance and second appliance may both provide acceleration techniques. In one embodiment, the first appliance may perform LAN acceleration while the second appliance performs WAN acceleration, or vice-versa. In another example, the first appliance may also be a transport control protocol terminating device as with the second appliance IH, a block diagram depicts other embodiments of a network environment for deploying the appliance In one embodiment, as depicted on the top of FIG.
IH, the appliance may be deployed as a single appliance or single proxy on the network For example, the appliance may be designed, constructed or adapted to perform WAN optimization techniques discussed herein without a second cooperating appliance '. In another embodiment, as depicted on the bottom of FIG.
IH, a single appliance may be deployed with one or more second appliances II, a block diagram depicts further embodiments of a network environment for deploying the appliance and the appliance In some embodiments, as depicted in the first row of FIG. IL, a first appliance resides on a network ' on which a client resides and a second appliance ' resides on a network "' on which a server resides.
In one of these embodiments, the first appliance and the second appliance ' are separated by a third network, such as a Wide Area Network. In other embodiments, as depicted in the second row of FIG. II, a first appliance resides on a network ' on which a client resides and a second appliance ' resides on a network '" on which a server resides. In one of these embodiments, the first appliance and the second appliance ' are separated by a third network ", such as a Wide Area Network.
In still other embodiments, as depicted in the third row of FIG. II, a first appliance and a first appliance reside on a first network ' on which a client resides; a second appliance ' and a second appliance ' reside on a second network '". In one of these embodiments, the first network ' and the second network "' are separated by a third network ". In further embodiments, the first appliance and the first appliance are symmetrical devices that are deployed as a pair.
In one of these embodiments, the appliance on a network '" resides between the appliance ' and a machine in the network ". In some embodiments, a server includes an application delivery system for delivering a resource - such as a computing environment, an application, a data file, or other resource - to one or more clients In brief overview, a client is in communication with a server via network and appliance For example, the client may reside in a remote office of a company, e.
The client has a client agent , and a computing environment The computing environment may execute or operate an application that accesses, processes or uses a data file. In one embodiment, a resource comprises a program, an application, a document, a file, a plurality of applications, a plurality of files, an executable program file, a desktop environment, a computing environment, or other resource made available to a user of the local machine The resource may be delivered to the local machine via a plurality of access methods including, but not limited to, conventional installation directly on the local machine , delivery to the local machine via a method for application streaming, delivery to the local machine of output data generated by an execution of the resource on a third machine ' and communicated to the local machine via a presentation layer protocol, delivery to the local machine of output data generated by an execution of the resource via a virtual machine executing on a remote machine , execution from a removable storage device connected to the local machine , such as a USB device, or via a virtual machine executing on the local machine and generating output data.
In some embodiments, the local machine transmits output data generated by the execution of the resource to another client machine '. In one embodiment, the appliance accelerates the delivery of the resource by the application delivery system In another example, the embodiments described herein may be used to accelerate delivery of a virtual machine image, which may be the resource or which may be executed to provide access to the resource In another embodiment, the appliance accelerates transport layer traffic between a client and a server In still another embodiment, the appliance controls, manages, or adjusts the transport layer protocol to accelerate delivery of the computing environment.
In some embodiments, the application delivery management system provides application delivery techniques to deliver a computing environment to a desktop of a user, remote or otherwise, based on a plurality of execution methods and based on any authentication and authorization policies applied via a policy engine With these techniques, a remote user may obtain a computing environment and access to server stored applications and data files from any network connected device In one embodiment, the application delivery system may reside or execute on a server In another embodiment, the application delivery system may reside or execute on a plurality of servers an.
In some embodiments, the application delivery system may execute in a server farm In one embodiment, the server executing the application delivery system may also store or provide the application and data file. In another embodiment, a first set of one or more servers may execute the application delivery system , and a different server n may store or provide the application and data file.
In some embodiments, each of the application delivery system , the application, and data file may reside or be located on different servers. In yet another embodiment, any portion of the application delivery system may reside, execute or be stored on or distributed to the appliance , or a plurality of appliances. The client may include a resource such as a computing environment for executing an application that uses or processes a data file.
The client via networks , ' and appliance may request an application and data file from the server In one embodiment, the appliance may forward a request from the client to the server For example, the client may not have the application and data file stored or accessible locally. For example, in one embodiment, the server may transmit the application as an application stream to operate in an environment provided by a resource on client In one embodiment, the application delivery system may deliver one or more resources to clients or users via a remote-display protocol or otherwise via remote -based or server-based computing.
In another embodiment, the application delivery system may deliver one or more resources to clients or users via steaming of the resources. In one embodiment, the application delivery system includes a policy engine for controlling and managing the access to, selection of application execution methods and the delivery of applications. In some embodiments, the policy engine determines the one or more applications a user or client may access. In another embodiment, the policy engine determines how the application should be delivered to the user or client , e.
In some embodiments, the application delivery system provides a plurality of delivery techniques from which to select a method of application execution, such as a server-based computing, streaming or delivering the application locally to the client for local execution. In one embodiment, a client requests execution of an application program and the application delivery system comprising a server selects a method of executing the application program. In some embodiments, the server receives credentials from the client In another embodiment, the server receives a request for an enumeration of available applications from the client In one embodiment, in response to the request or receipt of credentials, the application delivery system enumerates a plurality of application programs available to the client The application delivery system receives a request to execute an enumerated application.
The application delivery system selects one of a predetermined number of methods for executing the enumerated application, for example, responsive to a policy of a policy engine. The application delivery system may select a method of execution of the application enabling the client to receive application-output data generated by execution of the application program on a server The application delivery system may select a method of execution of the application enabling the client or local machine to execute the application program locally after retrieving a plurality of application files comprising the application.
In yet another embodiment, the application delivery system may select a method of execution of the application to stream the application via the network to the client In some embodiments, the application may be a server-based or a remote-based application executed on behalf of the client on a server In one embodiment the server may display output to the client using any thin-client or remote-display protocol, such as the Independent Computing Architecture ICA protocol manufactured by Citrix Systems, Inc.
In other embodiments, the application comprises any type of software related to VoIP communications, such as a soft IP telephone. In some embodiments, the server or a server farm 38 may be running one or more applications, such as an application providing a thin-client computing or remote display presentation application. In one embodiment, the application is an independent computing architecture ICA client, developed by Citrix Systems, Inc.
Also, the server may run an application, which for example, may be an application server providing email services such as Microsoft Exchange manufactured by the Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington, a web or Internet server, or a desktop sharing server, or a collaboration server. The architecture of the appliance in FIG. The appliance may include any type and form of computing device , such as any element or portion described in conjunction with FIGs.
IF and IG above. The appliance also has a network optimization engine for optimizing, accelerating or otherwise improving the performance, operation, or quality of any network traffic or communications traversing the appliance The appliance includes or is under the control of an operating system.
As such, the appliance can be running any operating system such as any of the versions of the MICROSOFT Windows operating systems, the different releases of the Unix and Linux operating systems, any version of the MAC OS for Macintosh computers, any embedded operating system, any network operating system, any real-time operating system, any open source operating system, any proprietary operating system, any operating systems for mobile computing devices or network devices, or any other operating system capable of running on the appliance and performing the operations described herein.
The operating system of appliance allocates, manages, or otherwise segregates the available system memory into what is referred to as kernel or system space, and user or application space. The kernel space is typically reserved for running the kernel, including any device drivers, kernel extensions or other kernel related software. As known to those skilled in the art, the kernel is the core of the operating system, and provides access, control, and management of resources and hardware -related elements of the appliance In accordance with an embodiment of the appliance , the kernel space also includes a number of network services or processes working in conjunction with the network optimization engine , or any portion thereof.
Additionally, the embodiment of the kernel will depend on the embodiment of the operating system installed, configured, or otherwise used by the device In contrast to kernel space, user space is the memory area or portion of the operating system used by user mode applications or programs otherwise running in user mode.
A user mode application may not access kernel space directly and uses service calls in order to access kernel services. The appliance has one or more network ports for transmitting and receiving data over a network The type and form of network port depends on the type and form of network and type of medium for connecting to the network.
Furthermore, any software of, provisioned for or used by the network port and network stack may run in either kernel space or user space.
In one embodiment, the network stack is used to communicate with a first network, such as network , and also with a second network '. In another embodiment, the appliance has two or more network stacks, such as first network stack A and a second network stack N. The first network stack A may be used in conjunction with a first port A to communicate on a first network The second network stack N may be used in conjunction with a second port N to communicate on a second network '.
In one embodiment, the network stack s has one or more buffers for queuing one or more network packets for transmission by the appliance The network stack includes any type and form of software, or hardware, or any combinations thereof, for providing connectivity to and communications with a network. In one embodiment, the network stack includes a software implementation for a network protocol suite.
The network stack may have one or more network layers, such as any networks layers of the Open Systems Interconnection OSI communications model as those skilled in the art recognize and appreciate. As such, the network stack may have any type and form of protocols for any of the following layers of the OSI model: 1 physical link layer, 2 data link layer, 3 network layer, 4 transport layer, 5 session layer, 6 presentation layer, and 7 application layer.
In some embodiments, the network stack has any type and form of a wireless protocol, such as IEEE In other embodiments, any type and form of user datagram protocol UDP , such as UDP over IP, may be used by the network stack , such as for voice communications or real-time data communications.
Furthermore, the network stack may include one or more network drivers supporting the one or more layers, such as a TCP driver or a network layer driver. The network drivers may be included as part of the operating system of the computing device or as part of any network interface cards or other network access components of the computing device In some embodiments, any of the network drivers of the network stack may be customized, modified or adapted to provide a custom or modified portion of the network stack in support of any of the techniques described herein.
In one embodiment, the appliance provides for or maintains a transport layer connection between a client and server using a single network stack In some embodiments, the appliance effectively terminates the transport layer connection by changing, managing or controlling the behavior of the transport control protocol connection between the client and the server. In these embodiments, the appliance may use a single network stack In other embodiments, the appliance terminates a first transport layer connection, such as a TCP connection of a client , and establishes a second transport layer connection to a server for use by or on behalf of the client , e.
The first and second transport layer connections may be established via a single network stack In other embodiments, the appliance may use multiple network stacks, for example A and N. In these embodiments, the first transport layer connection may be established or terminated at one network stack A, and the second transport layer connection may be established or terminated on the second network stack N.
For example, one network stack may be for receiving and transmitting network packets on a first network, and another network stack for receiving and transmitting network packets on a second network. The network optimization engine , or any portion thereof, may include software, hardware or any combination of software and hardware. Furthermore, any software of, provisioned for or used by the network optimization engine may run in either kernel space or user space.
For example, in one embodiment, the network optimization engine may run in kernel space. In another embodiment, the network optimization engine may run in user space.
In yet another embodiment, a first portion of the network optimization engine runs in kernel space while a second portion of the network optimization engine runs in user space. The network packet engine , also generally referred to as a packet processing engine or packet engine, is responsible for controlling and managing the processing of packets received and transmitted by appliance via network ports and network stack s The network packet engine may operate at any layer of the network stack In one embodiment, the network packet engine operates at layer 2 or layer 3 of the network stack In another embodiment, the packet engine operates at layer 4 of the network stack In other embodiments, the packet engine operates at any session or application layer above layer 4.
For example, in one embodiment, the packet engine intercepts or otherwise receives network packets above the transport layer protocol layer, such as the payload of a TCP packet in a TCP embodiment. Tap here to review the details. Activate your 30 day free trial to unlock unlimited reading.
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